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[Notice] [visualization_practice_seaborn_2]

Comparing seaborn and matplotlib

Scatterplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from IPython.display import Image

# seaborn
import seaborn as sns

np.random.rand(50)

array([0.18685692, 0.20077308, 0.5108591 , 0.98427194, 0.66913269,
       0.25839253, 0.12455846, 0.36208195, 0.51940446, 0.98073977,
       0.93164317, 0.47608911, 0.25808888, 0.3006359 , 0.07242951,
       0.80247589, 0.62211407, 0.52930387, 0.81693106, 0.60306402,
       0.6191746 , 0.42161375, 0.7631202 , 0.91829187, 0.49359464,
       0.37838971, 0.53904915, 0.1098967 , 0.37282266, 0.01167494,
       0.1693931 , 0.78190408, 0.56709795, 0.91464527, 0.29112148,
       0.19379729, 0.86252864, 0.28122099, 0.84092134, 0.14645608,
       0.4497282 , 0.38297336, 0.36435924, 0.25539882, 0.20209437,
       0.65057991, 0.89264215, 0.74421442, 0.11566345, 0.43954391])

np.arange(50)

array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
       17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
       34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49])

x = np.random.rand(50)
y = np.random.rand(50)
colors = np.arange(50)
area = x * y * 1000

plt.scatter(x, y, s = area, c = colors)

plt.show()


sns.scatterplot(x, y, size=area, sizes=(area.min(), area.max()), hue=area, palette='gist_gray')
plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(


np.random.rand(50)

array([6.34052187e-01, 2.95522253e-01, 8.22591110e-01, 6.09301156e-01,
       5.05997270e-01, 5.55471874e-01, 6.49305880e-01, 3.30711116e-01,
       3.01480024e-01, 7.42033421e-02, 1.67224156e-01, 4.50868420e-02,
       7.73980868e-01, 5.16018329e-01, 8.41756332e-02, 5.57568528e-02,
       1.66156309e-01, 5.52816032e-01, 4.82509173e-01, 5.04840668e-01,
       8.81870816e-01, 2.18563376e-01, 4.29132851e-02, 8.28928576e-01,
       5.08317221e-01, 9.72110630e-01, 5.27448601e-01, 3.83239490e-01,
       8.07644275e-01, 8.21329050e-01, 2.77209248e-01, 6.76474038e-01,
       2.59683963e-01, 7.58729909e-01, 6.00792190e-01, 1.36635770e-03,
       3.44861242e-01, 9.60223496e-01, 3.16422755e-01, 9.98945276e-01,
       1.13091041e-04, 5.26750457e-01, 8.12279266e-01, 1.00306155e-01,
       9.05878706e-01, 9.98101196e-01, 7.71502685e-01, 5.85003481e-01,
       6.03538363e-01, 8.09506557e-01])

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))

plt.subplot(131)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, c='blue', alpha=0.1)
plt.title('alpha=0.1')
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title('alpha=0.5')
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, c='red', alpha=0.5)
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title('alpha=1.0')
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, c='green', alpha=1.0)

plt.show()


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))

plt.subplot(131)
sns.scatterplot(x, y, size=area, sizes=(area.min(), area.max()), color='blue', alpha=0.1)
plt.title('alpha=0.1')

plt.subplot(132)
plt.title('alpha=0.5')
sns.scatterplot(x, y, size=area, sizes=(area.min(), area.max()), color='red', alpha=0.5)

plt.subplot(133)
plt.title('alpha=1.0')
sns.scatterplot(x, y, size=area, sizes=(area.min(), area.max()), color='green', alpha=0.9)

plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(
/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(
/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(

Barplot

x = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
y = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]

plt.bar(x, y, align='center', alpha=0.7, color='red')

plt.xticks(x)
plt.ylabel('Scores')
plt.title('Subjects')

plt.show()


x = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
y = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]

sns.barplot(x, y, alpha = 0.8, palette = 'YlGnBu')


plt.ylabel('Scores')
plt.title('Subjects')
plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(

Barhplot

x = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
y = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]

plt.barh(x, y, align='center', alpha=0.7, color='green')
plt.yticks(x)
plt.xlabel('Scores')
plt.title('Subjects')

plt.show()

  • make sure that they do not have a barhplot in seaborn therefore change the position of x and y
x = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
y = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]

ax = sns.barplot(y, x, alpha = 0.9, palette = 'YlOrRd')


plt.xlabel('Scores')
plt.title('Subjects')

plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(


x_label = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
x = np.arange(len(x_label))
y_1 = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]
y_2 = [55, 90, 40, 60, 70, 20]


width = 0.35


fig, axes = plt.subplots()


axes.bar(x - width/2, y_1, width, align='center', alpha=0.5)
axes.bar(x + width/2, y_2, width, align='center', alpha=0.8)


plt.xticks(x)
axes.set_xticklabels(x_label)
plt.ylabel('Number of Students')
plt.title('Scores')

plt.legend(['john', 'peter'])

plt.show()


x_label = ['Math', 'Programming', 'Data Science', 'Art', 'English', 'Physics']
x = np.arange(len(x_label))
y_1 = [66, 80, 60, 50, 80, 10]
y_2 = [55, 90, 40, 60, 70, 20]


width = 0.35


fig, axes = plt.subplots()


axes.barh(x - width/2, y_1, width, align='center', alpha=0.5, color='green')
axes.barh(x + width/2, y_2, width, align='center', alpha=0.8, color='red')


plt.yticks(x)
axes.set_yticklabels(x_label)
plt.xlabel('Score')
plt.title('Subjects')

plt.legend(['john', 'peter'])

plt.show()

tip

  • If you need to draw the graph arbitrarily -> matplotlib

  • When drawing with a DataFrame -> seaborn

titanic = sns.load_dataset('titanic')
titanic.head()
survived pclass sex age sibsp parch fare embarked class who adult_male deck embark_town alive alone
0 0 3 male 22.0 1 0 7.2500 S Third man True NaN Southampton no False
1 1 1 female 38.0 1 0 71.2833 C First woman False C Cherbourg yes False
2 1 3 female 26.0 0 0 7.9250 S Third woman False NaN Southampton yes True
3 1 1 female 35.0 1 0 53.1000 S First woman False C Southampton yes False
4 0 3 male 35.0 0 0 8.0500 S Third man True NaN Southampton no True 
sns.barplot(x = 'sex', y = 'survived', hue = 'pclass', data = titanic, palette = 'muted')

plt.show()

Line Plot

x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
y = 1 + np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.xlabel('x value', fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel('y value', fontsize=15)
plt.title('sin graph', fontsize=18)

plt.show()


# whitegrid, darkgrid, white, dark, ticks
sns.set_style("darkgrid")

sns.lineplot(x, y)

plt.xlabel('x value', fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel('y value', fontsize=15)
plt.title('sin graph', fontsize=18)

plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variables as keyword args: x, y. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(

Areaplot (Filled Area)

y = np.random.randint(low=5, high=10, size=20)
y

array([8, 8, 5, 8, 5, 8, 7, 9, 6, 5, 9, 5, 5, 7, 8, 7, 9, 9, 9, 5])

x = np.arange(1,21)
y =  np.random.randint(low=5, high=10, size=20)

plt.fill_between(x, y, color="green", alpha=0.6)
plt.show()


plt.fill_between( x, y, color="green", alpha=0.3)
plt.plot(x, y, color="green", alpha=0.8)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x17799f280>]


x = np.arange(1, 10, 0.05)
y_1 =  np.cos(x)+1
y_2 =  np.sin(x)+1
y_3 = y_1 * y_2 / np.pi

plt.fill_between(x, y_1, color="green", alpha=0.1)
plt.fill_between(x, y_2, color="blue", alpha=0.2)
plt.fill_between(x, y_3, color="red", alpha=0.3)

<matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection at 0x177a0b250>

Seaborn does not support area plots.

It should be implemented utilizing matplotlib.

Histogram

N = 100000
bins = 30

x = np.random.randn(N)

plt.hist(x, bins=bins)

plt.show()


sns.distplot(x, bins = bins, kde = False, hist = True, color = 'g')

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/distributions.py:2619: FutureWarning: `distplot` is a deprecated function and will be removed in a future version. Please adapt your code to use either `displot` (a figure-level function with similar flexibility) or `histplot` (an axes-level function for histograms).
  warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning)

<AxesSubplot:>

If kde is set to True, Density is displayed on the Y axis.

sns.distplot(x, bins = bins, kde = True, hist = False, color = 'g')

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/distributions.py:2619: FutureWarning: `distplot` is a deprecated function and will be removed in a future version. Please adapt your code to use either `displot` (a figure-level function with similar flexibility) or `kdeplot` (an axes-level function for kernel density plots).
  warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning)

<AxesSubplot:ylabel='Density'>


sns.distplot(x, bins=bins, kde=True, hist=True, vertical=True, color='r')

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/distributions.py:2619: FutureWarning: `distplot` is a deprecated function and will be removed in a future version. Please adapt your code to use either `displot` (a figure-level function with similar flexibility) or `histplot` (an axes-level function for histograms).
  warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning)
/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/distributions.py:1689: FutureWarning: The `vertical` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Assign the data to the `y` variable instead.
  warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning)

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='Density'>

Pie Chart

labels = ['Samsung', 'Huawei', 'Apple', 'Xiaomi', 'Oppo', 'Etc']
sizes = [20.4, 15.8, 10.5, 9, 7.6, 36.7]
explode = (0.3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)


patches, texts, autotexts = plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode, 
                                    labels=labels,  
                                    autopct='%1.1f%%', 
                                    shadow=True, 
                                    startangle=90)

plt.title('Smartphone pie', fontsize=15)


for t in texts:
    t.set_fontsize(12)
    t.set_color('gray')
    

for t in autotexts:
    t.set_color("white")
    t.set_fontsize(18)

plt.show()

Seaborn does not support pie plots

It should be implemented utilizing matplotlib.

Box Plot

spread = np.random.rand(50) * 100
center = np.ones(25) * 50
flier_high = np.random.rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = np.random.rand(10) * -100
data = np.concatenate((spread, center, flier_high, flier_low))

plt.boxplot(data)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


sns.boxplot(data, orient = 'v', width = 0.2)

plt.show()

/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py:36: FutureWarning: Pass the following variable as a keyword arg: x. From version 0.12, the only valid positional argument will be `data`, and passing other arguments without an explicit keyword will result in an error or misinterpretation.
  warnings.warn(
/Users/skhu_cv_mac/miniforge3/envs/dylan/lib/python3.10/site-packages/seaborn/_core.py:1326: UserWarning: Vertical orientation ignored with only `x` specified.
  warnings.warn(single_var_warning.format("Vertical", "x"))


titanic = sns.load_dataset('titanic')
titanic.head()
survived pclass sex age sibsp parch fare embarked class who adult_male deck embark_town alive alone
0 0 3 male 22.0 1 0 7.2500 S Third man True NaN Southampton no False
1 1 1 female 38.0 1 0 71.2833 C First woman False C Cherbourg yes False
2 1 3 female 26.0 0 0 7.9250 S Third woman False NaN Southampton yes True
3 1 1 female 35.0 1 0 53.1000 S First woman False C Southampton yes False
4 0 3 male 35.0 0 0 8.0500 S Third man True NaN Southampton no True 
sns.boxplot(x = 'pclass', y = 'age', hue = 'survived', data = titanic)

plt.show()

How to change Box Plot’s axis

vert=False

plt.title('Horizontal Box Plot', fontsize=15)
plt.boxplot(data, vert=False)

plt.show()

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